- English as it is used as a contact languange among speakers from different first languages.

(Jenkins 2009:143)

 

- Any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice, and often the only option.

(Seidlhofer 2011: 7)

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- Apart from the inclusion-exclusion of native speakers, conceptualisations of ELF also have revolved around key notions such as variety, community and language. Most scholars today would argue that ELF is not a variety, and not a uniform and fixed mode of communication. 

(Cogo 2015: 2) 

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